FAQ

Customized module are available to meet the special demands of customers, and are in compliance with the relevant industrial standards and test conditions. During the sales process, our salespersons will inform customers of the basic information of the ordered modules, including mode of installation, conditions of use, and the difference between conventional and customized modules. Similarly, agents will also inform their downstream customers of the details about the customized modules.

We offer black or silver frames of modules to meet customers' requests and the application of the modules. We recommend attractive black-frame modules for rooftops and building curtain walls. Neither black nor silver frames affect the energy yield of the module.

Perforation and welding are not recommended as they may damage the overall structure of the module, to further result in a degradation in mechanical loading capacity during the subsequent services, which may lead to invisible cracks in modules and therefore affect the energy yield.

The energy yield of module depends on three factors: solar radiation (H--peak hours), module nameplate power rating (watts) and system efficiency of system (Pr) (generally taken at about 80%), where the overall energy yield is the product of these three factors; energy yield = H x W x Pr. The installed capacity is caculated by multiplying the nameplate power rating of a single module by the total number of modules in the system. For example, for 10 285 W modules installed, the installed capacity is 285 x 10 = 2,850 W.

Energy yield improvement achieved by bifacial PV modules compared to conventional modules depends on ground reflectance, or albedo; the height and azimuth of the tracker or other racking installed; and the ratio of direct light to scattered light in the region (blue or gray days). Given these factors, the amount of improvement should be assessed based on the actual conditions of the PV power plant. Bifacial energy yield improvements range from 5--20%.

Toenergy modules have been rigorously tested and are able to withstand typhoon wind speeds up to Grade 12. The modules also have a waterproof grade of IP68, and can effectively withstand hail of at least 25 mm in size.

Monofacial modules have a 25-year warranty for efficient power generation, while bifacial module performance is guaranteed for 30 years.

Bifacial modules are slightly more expensive than monofacial modules, but can generate more power under the right conditions. When the rear side of the module is not blocked, the light received by the rear side of the bifacial module can significantly improve energy yield. In addition, the glass-glass encapsulation structure of the bifacial module has better resistance to environmental erosion by water vapor, salt-air fog, etc. Monofacial modules are more suitable for installations in mountainous regions and distributed generation rooftop applications.

The electrical performance parameters of photovoltaic modules include open circuit voltage (Voc), transfer current (Isc), operating voltage (Um), operating current (Im) and maximum output power (Pm). 1. When U=0 and the positive and negative terminals of the component are short-circuited, the current is the short-circuit current. When the positive and negative terminals of the component are not connected to the load, the voltage between the terminals is the open circuit voltage. 2. The maximum output power depends on the sun's irradiance, spectral distribution, working temperature and load size, and is generally tested under STC standard conditions (STC refers to AM1.5 spectrum, incident radiation intensity is 1000W/m2, component temperature at 25°C). 3. The working voltage is the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point, and the working current is the current corresponding to the maximum power point.

The electrical performance parameters of photovoltaic modules include open circuit voltage (Voc), transfer current (Isc), operating voltage (Um), operating current (Im) and maximum output power (Pm). 1. When U=0 and the positive and negative terminals of the component are short-circuited, the current is the short-circuit current. When the positive and negative terminals of the component are not connected to the load, the voltage between the terminals is the open circuit voltage. 2. The maximum output power depends on the sun's irradiance, spectral distribution, working temperature and load size, and is generally tested under STC standard conditions (STC refers to AM1.5 spectrum, incident radiation intensity is 1000W/m2, component temperature at 25°C). 3. The working voltage is the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point, and the working current is the current corresponding to the maximum power point.

The inside of the photovoltaic module is a semiconductor device, and the positive/negative voltage to the ground is not a stable value. Direct measurement will show a floating voltage and rapidly decay to 0, which has no practical reference value. It is recommended to measure the open circuit voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the module under outdoor lighting conditions.

The current and voltage of solar power plants are related to temperature, light, etc. Since the temperature and light always change, the voltage and current will fluctuate (high temperature and low voltage, high temperature and high current; good light, high current and voltage); the work of components The temperature is -40°C-85°C, so temperature changes will not affect the power generation of the power station.

The open circuit voltage of the module is measured under the condition of STC (1000W/㎡ irradiance, 25°C). 1. Due to irradiation conditions, temperature conditions, and the accuracy of the test instrument during self-test, the open circuit voltage and the nameplate voltage may have a deviation. 2. The normal open circuit voltage temperature coefficient is about -0.3% to -0.35%/℃, so the test deviation is related to the difference between the temperature and 25℃ at the time of the test. The open circuit voltage difference caused by irradiance will generally not exceed 10%. Therefore, the deviation between the on-site detected open circuit voltage and the actual nameplate range should be calculated according to the actual measurement environment, but generally it will not exceed 15%.

Classify the components according to the rated current, and mark and distinguish them on the components.

Generally, the inverter corresponding to the power segment is configured according to the requirements of the system. The power of the selected inverter should match the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell array. Generally, the rated output power of the photovoltaic inverter is selected to be similar to the total input power, so that save costs.

For photovoltaic system design, the first step, and a very critical step, is to analyze the solar energy resources and related meteorological data at the location where the project is installed and used. Meteorological data, such as local solar radiation, precipitation, and wind speed, are key data for designing the system. At present, the meteorological data of any location in the world can be queried for free from NASA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration weather database.

1. Summer is the season when household electricity consumption is relatively large. Installing household photovoltaic power plants can save electricity costs. 2. Installing photovoltaic power plants for household use can enjoy state subsidies, and can also sell excess electricity to the grid, so as to obtain sunlight benefits, which can serve multiple purposes. 3. The photovoltaic power station laid on the roof has a certain heat insulation effect, which can reduce the indoor temperature by 3-5 degrees. While the building temperature is regulated, it can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioner. 4. The main factor affecting photovoltaic power generation is sunlight. In summer, the days are long and the nights are short, and the working hours of the power station are longer than usual, so the power generation will naturally increase.

As long as there is light, the modules will generate voltage, and the photo-generated current is proportional to the light intensity. The components will also work under low light conditions, but the output power will become smaller. Due to the weak light at night, the power generated by the modules is not enough to drive the inverter to work, so the modules generally do not generate electricity. However, under extreme conditions such as strong moonlight, the photovoltaic system may still have very low power.

Photovoltaic modules are mainly composed of cells, film, backplane, glass, frame, junction box, ribbon, silica gel and other materials. The battery sheet is the core material for power generation; the rest of the materials provide packaging protection, support, bonding, weather resistance and other functions.

The difference between monocrystalline modules and polycrystalline modules is that the cells are different. Monocrystalline cells and polycrystalline cells have the same working principle but different manufacturing processes. The appearance is also different. The monocrystalline battery has arc chamfering, and the polycrystalline battery is a complete rectangle.

Only the front side of a monofacial module can generate electricity, and both sides of a bifacial module can generate electricity.

There is a layer of coating film on the surface of the battery sheet, and the process fluctuations in the processing process lead to differences in the thickness of the film layer, which makes the appearance of the battery sheet vary from blue to black. Cells are sorted during the module production process to ensure that the color of the cells inside the same module is consistent, but there will be color differences between different modules. The difference in color is only the difference in the appearance of the components, and has no effect on the power generation performance of the components.

The electricity generated by photovoltaic modules belongs to direct current, and the surrounding electromagnetic field is relatively stable, and does not emit electromagnetic waves, so it will not generate electromagnetic radiation.